(emily)
It’s April, readers, and April is Autism Awareness Month.
Autism has become extremely prevalent in recent years, and yet we know very
little about it, so for today’s post, I wanted to discuss what autism is and
why it is important.
A couple weeks ago, the Richmond Times Dispatch posted an
article online about a recent government survey that revealed 1 in 50
schoolchildren in the United States has autism. Prior to this study the statistics had been 1 in 88.
The rise in autism is attributed not to a higher occurrence
but instead a higher frequency of children being diagnosed with it. What this
means is that doctors are better able to diagnose children with autism,
especially those with mild cases.
I have had a little experience with autistic children. I
spent three years teaching in Central Asia, and during my time there I got to
know a group of people who volunteered at an orphanage where many of the
children had autism. I spent afternoons and Saturdays with these children, and
I came to an understanding about autism that is often ignored by our media:
autism is as unique as the individual it affects. Just as each child is special,
so is each case. By carelessly tossing around the term “autism,” I think we
risk creating a culture of ignorance and even fear.
So, what is autism?
Autism is often used as an umbrella term, but it’s actually
a part of a variety of developmental disorders known as autism spectrum
disorders. These disorders affect a person in their communication, interaction,
and relationships with other people. Other affects of autism are found in
repetitive behaviors and routines.
People with autism spectrum disorders will not have all of
the same symptoms but rather a unique combination. They will also differ in
severity. Some cases are extremely mild while others are more severe.
There are five disorders you should know:
- Autistic Disorder (Social interaction and
communication is impaired. Child may exhibit repetitive behavioral patterns or
restricted behavior.)
- Asperger’s Syndrome (Social interaction is
impaired and child displays restricted interest and/or activities. Children
often display average to above-average intelligence.)
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Child displays
symptoms of autism spectrum disorders but cannot be diagnosed with autistic
disorder or Asperger’s syndrome. Severe impairments in social interaction and
communication as well as restricted or repetitive behavioral patterns.)
- Retts Disorder (Occurs only in girls and appears
after a period of normal development with a loss of skills. Girls are often
unable to use their hands purposefully and instead display repetitive hand
movements.)
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (Child
exhibits normal development until about age 2. Previously acquired skills are
lost suddenly and significantly.)
There is no known cause for these disorders and there are
numerous theories ranging from genetics to pregnancy and delivery to
environmental factors. Regardless of the why
or the how, we should instead focus
on the who – autism shows no
discrimination and affects people of all ethnicities, incomes, lifestyles, and
education.
When I would visit the children in the orphanage, there was
one little boy that stood out to me. His name was Arslan. Arslan had autism,
and when I first met him I assumed that his disorder would mean he would be
withdrawn. He was, in his own way. Arslan didn’t speak, which didn’t matter
because my Russian was limited anyway, and he didn’t maintain eye contact well.
But as I came to the orphanage and saw him more, I saw that Arslan had a warm
and compassionate heart. He loved people. And he loved cars. Every car, truck,
and plane he saw – whether outside or on TV – evoked a response from Arslan. He
would point and say, “Beep-beep!” The day a helicopter flew over the orphanage
playground he was ecstatic.
Arslan would take my hand and walk with me around the
playground. He’d run to meet me and give me a hug and a kiss on the cheek. And
some days we would sit side-by-side in silence. He would be withdrawn, and I
wouldn’t know what to do, but after awhile he’d take my hand, and I would know
that he was okay.
As he grew older, his struggles changed, but he was still my
little buddy. I consider him a brother, not a nameless child with a disorder I
don’t understand.
Arslan and Me
My experiences with Arslan and the other children at that orphanage have given me an understanding of autism spectrum disorders, but it has also given me an understanding of the people who have autism spectrum disorders. I now have faces and personalities attached to these clinical words, and I am gratful for that.
I’m not writing this post to scare you or sensationalize
autism. I’m writing this post because autism is important for you to know
about. Autism is not a prison sentence for your child. It is not simple, it is
not easy, but it is not something to fear. April is Autism Awareness Month, and
I would encourage you to take this month to educate yourselves about autism and
what it means for families. If you have a child with autism or know of a child
with autism and would like to find resources and help, I suggest looking into
your area’s autism services and communities.
For those of you in Virginia, I would recommend the
following,
Commonwealth Autism Service
Autism Society, Central Virginia
Virginia Autism Resource Center (Virginia Commonwealth
University)